What is the correct execution of the Valsalva maneuver?

The Valsalva maneuver involves a specific technique where pressure is applied to the thoracic cavity in a controlled manner, usually to equalize pressure in the ears or assist with certain medical evaluations. The correct execution of the maneuver is to pinch the nose closed and gently blow out while keeping the mouth closed. This action increases pressure in the chest and helps open the eustachian tubes, allowing for the equalization of pressure in the ears.

This technique is particularly useful in aviation contexts, where pilots and passengers may experience changes in air pressure during ascent and descent. The gentle blowing action minimizes the risk of damage to the ear structures that could occur if the pressure is forced too rapidly or violently. This practice is essential in ensuring comfort and preventing barotrauma, which can happen when there is a significant difference between the pressure in the middle ear and the external environment.

The other methods mentioned do not adequately create the necessary pressure changes required for the Valsalva maneuver. For instance, swallowing or yawning might help with pressure equalization as well, but they do not provide the focused pressure application that is characteristic of the Valsalva maneuver. Therefore, the option describing the action of pinching the nose and blowing out gently accurately captures